Solutions to Social Problems Essays

Solutions to Social Problems Essays Solutions to Social Problems Essay Solutions to Social Problems Essay In Solutions to Social Problems From the Bottom Up: Successful Social Movements by D. Stanley Eitzen and Kenneth Stewart, a light is shone on how incredibly powerful social movements may be. The United States has been no stranger to social movements and the influential leaders that have made them known. The novel describes in detail the various accounts that African Americans, women and other minorities fought for equal rights in the United States and even around the world. The first three chapters of the novel reveal a few articles that expand on a few of the major social movements in the United States and exactly how they have affected modern day. Direct action today may not always be as obvious as the actions taken during the early social movements but they are constantly present in our everyday life whether it is realized or not. It is clear through the reading that the actions during these movements were life altering for not only that time but for the future. The direct actions of our generation will shape those generations ahead of us. In the novel the first three chapters introduce some of the most powerful and successful movements in the United States. The first chapter breaks down what a social movement is and how an issue can become a social movement. It also reveals why social movements are actually necessary for society. The chapter explains how people of the minority, whether it is race or religion or sexuality, have constantly fought with the oppressors of society for equal rights. It defines a social movement as the collective attempt to promote, resist or reverse change. It goes on to explain that the key to any successful social movement is ideology. The ideology provides the goals and rationale for the movement, brings together minorities for a common cause and brings the action to attention for all individuals who believe in the fight. The chapter also breaks down the three types of social movements. There are resistance movements which resist change, for example the anti-abortion activists. There are reform movements that want to change a specific part of society like women’s rights or gay rights. And there are revolutionary movements who are looking for radical and drastic changes like the situation with Fidel Castro in Cuba or the American Revolution. The chapter also reveals the steps of a social movement. The first step is to attract members for the cause; second step is to focus on the fight which usually takes place after an outrageous act is performed against the group. The third step is to become an organization, with leaders and roles for the members. The final step may or may not occur. The fourth and final step is to integrate the movement into society. This will only happen if the movement has been successful however. In the chapter Howard Zinn and David Meyer give both past and present day examples of successful social movements. Zinn looks into those who protested the war in Vietnam. He focuses on the May 1970 sit down protest where activists sat down in front of the buses deporting soldiers to make a statement. Meyer gives an example that more recently occurred. In January 2003 tens of thousands of people marched into Washington to protest the invasion on Iraq. Both Zinn and Meyer explain that even the smallest actions can change the world. By coming together and taking a stand it may make the government and the rest of society take notice and make a change. The second chapter gets into more detail about some of the history’s most infamous and important movements. It focuses on the Civil Rights Movement, Women’s Rights Movement and the Gay Rights Movement. The first article in this chapter by Taylor Branch gives an example of a peaceful protest during the Civil Rights Movement. In Greensboro, it began with black college students sitting at the white counter refusing to move until they were served, and ended up a nationwide action with groups all across the south imitating them. It often resulted in the arrests of many black people but they were determined to be heard and often many of them chose jail over community service. Their actions may not have made a drastic change then, but the impact it had on the future is astounding. The second article by Charles Wilson reveals the struggles of the disabled people. In September 1984 a dozen men and women in wheel chairs rolled in front a city bus and refused to move. They were trying to bring attention to the lack of transportation for disabled people in the city. The article reveals how many people wait hours and hours sometimes in the cold or rain to be given a ride somewhere they need to go. The protest occurred in a few city buses, determined to make their voices heard. Each member of the protest wore a name tag that read: Hi My Name is Rosa Parks. This small gesture proves that the actions taken by Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. and so many other activists made an immense impact on the future. The third chapter focuses on the effects of these movements and how people are still benefiting from them today. In this chapter examples of the Dorr Rebellion and how women won the right to vote are discussed as well as the Mississippi Freedom Summer. The main point of each article in this chapter is to show how much of an impact people in these movements and in the past have had on our future. Without Dorr’s fight for the equality to vote among the white men it would not have led to African Americans earning the right to vote or women’s right to vote. Women’s right to vote is also due to the strong fight of Susan B. Anthony. It is a ripple effect. Each movement made strides and changes in society only to raise the awareness of new ones to improve on. The tragic losses of the Freedom Summer in Mississippi revealed to the North and the rest of the South how horrific the tension between whites and blacks was becoming and it made people realize it needed to be stopped. Without the fearlessness of people like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. , Susan B. Anthony and many more activist leaders our society today would have a lot more social problems. Direct action can be defined as any action seeking to achieve an immediate or direct result, especially an action against an established authority or powerful institution such as by strike or picketing. Direct action can be anything from a peaceful march to protest, to angry picketers chanting and refusing to work or support the issue they are protesting. An example of direct action could be the picketers and protesters that stand outside of Women’s clinics where abortions are performed. In extreme cases, girls and women that go into the clinic get screamed at and bombarded with accusations and threatening words telling them not to kill their baby. On the other hand you may find pro choice activists arguing back, holding signs and protesting for women to have their own choice. One of the most well known forms of direct action occurred in the Civil Rights Movement. It began with a woman named Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat for a white person and snowballed into a social movement that would change our country. The leader of the Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr. believed in non-violent forms of direct actions which is why a majority of the protests that occurred in the Civil Rights Movement were sit-ins or peaceful marches and rallies. Direct action has been around as long as there have been struggles in world. It can be violent or non violent and focus on a broad range of topics. In his book, Direct Action, William Mellor believed that direct action occurred between the workplace and employees. He gave examples of lockouts, strikes and picketing and even sabotage in order for workers or employers to get what they want. U. S. anarchist and feminist Voltairine de Cleyre on the other hand believed that direct action focused more on civil rights. As it turns out, they are both correct. Today you see workers going on strike for better wages or better treatment and you also see people demanding for civil rights. The most popular and controversial protest of modern day is gay rights. Even in such modern time there are still many people who oppose homosexuality. The struggle for equal rights, mainly the right to be married, is still ongoing for homosexuals. They have not given up the fight however, even making progress in the few states that have legalized gay marriage. Today there are vast numbers of activist groups that are taking direct action to make changes in society. Even with all the hard work from Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr. and Susan B. Anthony there are still social problems today. With the change of one thing comes an issue of another. Today there are the social problems of the War in Iraq, the abortion dilemma, gay marriage dilemma, health care reform and so much more. No matter how far in the future we go, there will always be a social problem that will require the direct action of those who strongly believe in it. After reading this novel by D. Stanley Eitzen and Kenneth Stewart, I was once again amazed at the brave actions taken by the leaders in our past and present. I never realized the importance social movements have on our society. The Civil Rights Movement led to African Americans earning equality, the Dorr Rebellion earned all white men the right to vote which led to the movements of Women’s Voting Rights and African American’s voting rights. With these movements resolved the nation looked more closely at how it can change and the workplace was improved as was the equality of women and men. Today without these movements the world would be a far less amazing place. Today thanks to the bravery of activist leaders and members who took a stand on the important issues and refused to back down, men and women can work the same job, they can both vote in elections. African Americans are part of our society and we now embrace minorities as regular people just like anyone else. We were able to make historical changes then, and I hope we are able to make them now as well. There are still important issues that are being raised. It is time for our generation and future generations to step up and follow in the footsteps of those before us. The War in Iraq needs to be resolved, the abortion dilemma needs to end and what about global warming and our quickly deteriorating environment. Most importantly, gay rights to need to be recognized at last. No one should be able to say no to a gay couple who wants to get married. A gay man should be able to fight for his country and still be proud of his partner or sexuality without having to hide it as part of the Don’t Ask Don’t Tell. This issue is important to me and if we were able to change this then it would have a huge impact on the future. Reading this novel, I felt inspired to make a change. Everyone needs to take a stand for something they believe in. If everyone were to do so, the world would be a much better place, and who knows, maybe one day far in the future we can all live peacefully and happily without any more social conflicts. Direct Action. N. p. , 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. . Eitzen, D, Stanley, and Kenneth Stewart. Solutions to Social Problems from the Bottom up: Successful Social Movements. Boston: Pearson, 2007. Print. Social Movement. N. p. , 2 Apr. 2008. Web. 13 Apr. 2010. .

Biography of Journalist C Wright Mills

Biography of Journalist C Wright Mills Charles  Wright Mills (1916-1962), popularly known as C. Wright Mills, was a mid-century sociologist and journalist. He is known and celebrated for his critiques of contemporary power structures, his spirited treatises on how sociologists should study social problems and engage with society, and his critiques of the field of sociology and academic professionalization of sociologists.   Early Life and Education Mills was born on August 28, 1916, in Waco, Texas. Because his father was a salesman, the family  moved a lot and lived in many places throughout Texas while Mills was growing up, and as a result, he lived a relatively isolated life with no intimate or continuous relationships. Mills began his university career at Texas AM University but completed only one year. Later, he attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he completed a bachelors degree in sociology  and a masters degree in philosophy in 1939. By this point, Mills had positioned himself as an important figure in sociology by publishing in the fields two leading journals (American Sociological Review  and  American Journal of Sociology) while still a student. Mills earned a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1942, where his dissertation focused on pragmatism and the sociology of knowledge. Career Mills began his professional career as an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1941, and served there for four years. During this time, he began to practice public sociology by writing journalistic articles for outlets including  The New Republic,  The New Leader, and  Politics. Following his post in Maryland, Mills took a position as a research associate at Columbia Universitys Bureau of Applied Social Research. The following year, he was made  assistant professor  in the universitys sociology department and by 1956, had been promoted to the rank of Professor. During the 1956-57 academic year, Mills had the honor of serving as a Fulbright lecturer at the University of Copenhagen. Contributions and Accomplishments The major focus of Millss work was the subjects of  social inequality, the power of elites and their control of society, the shrinking  middle class, the relationship between individuals and society, and the importance of historical perspective as a key part of sociological thinking. Millss most influential and famous work,  The Sociological Imagination  (1959),  describes how one should approach the world if one wants to see and understand as a sociologist does. He emphasizes the importance of seeing the connections between individuals and everyday life and the greater social forces that constitute and course through society, and the importance of understanding our contemporary lives and social structure in historical context. Mills argued that doing so was an important part of coming to understand that what we often perceive as personal troubles are in fact public issues. In terms of contemporary social theory and critical analysis,  The Power Elite  (1956) was a very important contribution made by Mills. Like other critical theorists of that time, Mills was concerned with the rise of a techno-rationality and intensified bureaucratization following World War II. This book serves as a compelling account of how military, industrial/corporate, and government elites created and how they maintain a closely interlocked power structure that controls society to their benefit at the expense of the majority. Other key works by Mills include From  Max Weber: Essays in Sociology  (1946),  The  New Men of Power  (1948),  White Collar  (1951), Character and Social Structure: The Psychology of Social  (1953),  The Causes of World War Three  (1958), and  Listen, Yankee  (1960). Mills is also credited with introducing the term New Left when he penned an open letter in 1960 to the leftists of the day. Personal Life Mills was married four times to three women and had one child with each. He married Dorothy Helen Freya Smith in 1937. The two divorced in 1940 but remarried in 1941, and had a daughter, Pamela, in 1943. The couple divorced again in 1947, and that same year Mills married Ruth Harper, who also worked at the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia. The two also had a daughter, Kathryn, who was born in 1955. Mills and Harper separated after her birth and divorced in 1959. Mills was married for a fourth time in 1959 to Yaroslava Surmach, an artist. Their son Nikolas was born in 1960. Throughout these years, Mills was reported to have had many extramarital affairs and was known for being combative with his colleagues and peers. Death Mills suffered from a prolonged heart condition in his adult life and survived three heart attacks before finally succumbing to a fourth on March 20, 1962. Legacy Mills is remembered as a deeply important American sociologist whose work is essential to how students are taught about the field and the practice of sociology. In 1964, he was honored by the Society for the Study of Social Problems with the creation of the annual C. Wright Mills Award.

The Educational Programs and Specifications Assignment

The Educational Programs and Specifications - Assignment Example Developing educational specifications provides a means of communication between educators and architects. These purposes as identified by the North Carolina State Board of Education, 2002 are outlined below I. It shapes the individual thought which enables the person to reach a consensus before taking it to be designed.Normally, writing these specifications gives the staff an opportunity to collect and analyze information about the methods of teaching, the utilization of space furniture and equipment and other variables relating to teaching. This is vital for it enables the teachers to prepare adequately giving quality services to the students. (Alonsabe, 2010) II. It also acts as a means of public relations. This implies that it seeks the active participation of the members of the community that involves parents to support the school. Normally, representatives of community agencies are also consulted in the process. (Alonsabe, 2010) III. Finally, it provides a continuous and final evaluation. It has a tangible statement where the various stages of the design process can be evaluated. This is accomplished through the continuous dialogue of education program which exists between the architect and the educators. (Alonsabe, 2010) I. This body identifies the educational program and space needs for all schools without partiality. The program is checked to ensure that it follows the general rule of teaching to ensure that there is quality. II. The body provides equity and parity in terms of the general rules for the designing process. This also entails having the same vision and guidelines for all facilities. This is important in the harmonizing the general teaching strategy to ensure all students at a particular level gain the same quality education. III. It provides regularity of elements i.e. Equipment to be used, Lighting in the building and the general finishes.  

Different Contemporary Management Issues Faced By Global Organizations Essay

Different Contemporary Management Issues Faced By Global Organizations - Essay Example The discussion is mainly focused on a particular management issue i.e. the effect of legislation on the current workforce and management. Changing legislation to the organizations and workforce is one of the major issues faced by the human resource management. Besides the federal legislation, each state owns specific employment law and regulations which affect the functionality of human resources. The changes in federal laws generally impact the HR management of large to medium-sized organizations. Human resources managers need to be well-versed with the challenges of these ever-changing employment and workforce legislation to reduce the liabilities of organizations in different aspects of human resources operations. The recent development of minimum wages law is providing some added pressure to different organizations. The US federal minimum wages act was first introduced during the depression of 1933. At that time the federal government increased the minimum wages from 25 cents to $7 per hour. By the year of 2013, the minimum wages for workers in small and medium US industries has increased by $9.47 per hour. Similarly, the federal law has conveyed that the minimum wages of employees in large industries need to be increased to $ 11 per hour by the end of 2015. Though the wage hike has been proved to be beneficial for the employee loyalty and motivation programs, it is also adversely affecting the overall expenses and profit margin of organizations. Various businesses in the US market are facing different challenges due to this rise in the wage structure. The HR management of the Subway franchisees in Seattle is worried about the increase in organizational cost by $250 per week in terms of employee salaries. The strategic managers of Washington Lodging Association are still very confused about the effect of this legislation on the overall business activity of the organization.

Diseased Body in Wuthering Heights Essay Example for Free

Diseased Body in Wuthering Heights Essay In Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte it can be viewed that there is â€Å"more suffering caused by a diseased mind than by a diseased body.† The idea of a â€Å"diseased mind† is a mental illness or madness and the â€Å"diseased body† is a physical illness or injury, both of which are displayed by many characters in Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is a prime example of a character with a â€Å"diseased mind† that causes him suffering. He spends the majority of his life contemplating and acting out revenge towards Hindley and the Lintons because he believes it was their fault Catherine thought it would â€Å"degrade† her to marry Heathcliff, even though she loved him; this is one example of his unstable mind set. In chapter 9 Nelly foreshadows the suffering of Heathcliff by saying â€Å"if you [Catherine] are his choice, he’ll be the most unfortunate creature,† this is because Nelly understands that society wouldn’t accept the pair to marry, therefore Heathcliff will be unfortunately heartbroken. Heathcliff believes that Catherine is a part of him: â€Å"I cannot live without my soul,† he says which highlights that he is suffering without her. It is from this heartbreak and suffering that his â€Å"diseased mind† commenced. Heathcliff’s â€Å"diseased mind† heightens when he asks for Catherine to â€Å"haunt† him when she is dead; haunting is an element of the Gothic genre but the madness of Heathcliff is enhanced when he requests that Catherine drives him â€Å"mad.† The word â€Å"mad† is ambiguous in this quotation because it could be viewed that Heathcliff wants to be haunted until he is angry with Catherine so he can destroy his love for her. An alternative view is that Heathcliff wants to be haunted until he is insane and suffering since he is desperate to see Catherine, this becomes true because after Catherine’s death Heathcliff’s mind is haunted by his love for her. Jerold E. Hogle explains this is accurate because characters in Gothic novels are â€Å"haunted psychologically† and this is accurately shown through the character of Heathcliff. His mind is â€Å"diseased† by his separation from Catherine due to her choice of partner and her death, which causes him and everyone in the novel immense suffering because of his vengeance. Heathcliff’s unconditional love causes Catherine’s â€Å"melancholy† â€Å"mental state† because it is overwhelming and she is in love with him but a  Victorian society wouldn’t accept their relationship because of the Heathcliff’s very low class, which would result in them being â€Å"beggars.† Catherine has â€Å"a peculiar expression arising from her mind set† before she tells Heathcliff â€Å"you have killed me,† this highlights her â€Å"diseased mind† and the suffering it is causing her because she hasn’t died yet but it could be interpreted that she feels as though she has which emphasises her suffering, but also her madness. The â€Å"peculiar expression† that Catherine is described to have could be because she was â€Å"thinking†¦ of Wuthering Heights.† The â€Å"expression† could be interpreted as a smile, which would be â€Å"peculiar† to Nelly because she has been depressed living with Edgar, therefore a smile would be unusual; David Punter explains â€Å"Gothic reminds us we are driven by our passions† and Catherine’s passion is Heathcliff, which would explain her â€Å"expression† when thinking about Wuthering Heights. This idea of Catherine’s thought process in her â€Å"diseased mind† emphasises her pain and suffering because she cannot be without Heathcliff, her â€Å"soul,† yet she is continuously thinking about him, this is essentially what drives her insane. Catherine’s mental suffering is closely linked with her physical suffering which is an example that represents the â€Å"diseased body† in Wuthering Heights. Another character with a â€Å"diseased body† in Wuthering Heights is Isabella, whose â€Å"bruised† body is a valid example of suffering. Heathcliff’s â€Å"diseased mind† causes him to abuse Isabella which leads to her suffering and her injured body

Loneliness Essay -- Journalistic Essays

To be lonely is an easy thing, being alone is another matter entirely. To understand this, first one must understand the difference between loneliness and being alone. To be alone means that your are not in the company of anyone else. You are one. But loneliness can happen anytime, anywhere. You can be lonely in a crowd, lonely with friends, lonely with family. You can even be lonely while with loved ones. For feeling lonely, is in essence a feeling of being alone. As thought you were one and you feel as though you will always be that way. Loneliness can be one of the most destructive feelings humans are capable of feeling. For loneliness can lead to depression, suicide, and even to raging out and hurting friends and/or strangers. The second major problem with loneliness is that it can be a very difficult feeling to lose, especially if it has already progressed into depression. There are, of course, drug therapies, but unless the problems are hormonal or chemical in nature, they will not serve the purpose of treating the longer term problem. The proper treatment of ...

An Hour To Live, An Hour To Love’s Summary Essay

â€Å"An Hour to Live, an Hour to Love† was written based on a true story of the best gift ever given. Richard Carlson wrote the letter ‘an hour to live’ to his wife, Kristine Carlson as their 18th anniversary gift. Three years letter, Richard passed away and Kristine wrote a reply ‘an hour to love’ as a tribute to the authenticity of Richard’s wisdom. Richard mostly talked about his life throughout his marriage but it portrays reality as I read the book. He took Stephen Levine’s quote as an inspiration which says, â€Å"If you had an hour to live and could make just one phone call, who would it be to, what would you say†¦ and why are you waiting?† We all will eventually die, so he said in life we might want to jump ahead and look back to have a clearer view and precious what we have now when there is still plenty of time. If he has an hour to live, he would have called his life partner, Kris. Kristine helped him not to take himself or life very seriously. She changed Richard’s life while in college. He was a college tennis player but he plays to please the people who saw the potential in him. The problem is his heart was not into tennis, not anymore at least. So, it was Kristine who taught him to listen to his heart and encouraged him to make the big turning point in his life by quitting tennis. To have left one hour to live, Richard wishes he would already say goodbye to his friends and family. He would love to tell Kris how much he loves her for she has been there all along during his highest highs and lowest lows. He loves how Kristine will help remind him when he forgot to listen. He admires Kristine for how she showers love on their family and being incredibly kind to other people too. He wonders Kristine’s ability to never sweat the small stuffs. For Richard, Kristine’s love is unconditional as during his lowest lows in life when he was struggling from his writing career and wishes things he shouldn’t have but Kristine took it all very calmly. All she did was listened to him without judging and showed him that they are still blessed with healthy children and that’s all that matters. When he was grieving upon his grandma’s death, Kristine calmed him down just by being there for him. He thought Kristine’s humanity is amazing as when Richard has always sweated over all the small stuffs, she taught him that â€Å"we always teach best what we most need to learn.† If he could live his life again, he would like to spend less time talking and more time listening. Then, he would spend far less energy wanting things he didn’t have, and far more energy enjoying what  he already has. Moreover, if he could live his life over again, he would rarely if ever be in such a hurry and let happiness catches up to him instead of chasing down happiness. And for him, that’s what Kristine has always been able to do, which is to be present with him. He also would never put off so easily and so often what he wanted to do. Finally, if he is given the chance to live his life over, he wishes to be more loving to Kris and to everyone else and expect far le ss in return. And why are you waiting? He mentioned his girl who says, â€Å"Mommy I get another of these?† Which means, I get another day to live? It gives Richard goose bumps every time he heard that but he admires a child’s gratitude towards life. Richard is not saying that neither obligations and responsible in life is not important, nor your goals, ambitions, dreams and obstacles to overcome but he is teaching us to start appreciating things that make us happy and content, things we will talk about during our final hour of life. He wanted people to realize before it’s too late.

Marketing Environment Essay

The Marketing Environment Learning Objectives 1. Describe the environmental forces that affect the company’s ability to serve its customers. 2. Explain how changes in the demographic and economic environments affect marketing decisions. 3. Identify the major trends in the firm’s natural and technological environments. 4. Explain the key changes in the political and cultural environments. 5. Discuss how companies can react to the marketing environment. Chapter Overview In order to correctly identify opportunities and monitor threats, the company must begin with a thorough understanding of the marketing environment in which the firm operates. The marketing environment consists of all the factors and forces outside marketing that affect the marketing management’s ability to develop and maintain successful relation ¬ships with its target customers. Though these factors and forces may vary depending on the specific company and industrial group, they can generally be divided into broad microenvironmental and macroenvironmental components. For most companies, the microenvironmental components are: the company, suppliers, marketing channel firms (intermediaries), customer markets, competitors, and publics. The macroenvironmental components are thought to be: demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces. The wise marketing manager knows that he or she cannot always affect environmental forces. Smart managers can take a proactive, rather than reactive, approach to the marketing environment. As a company’s marketing management collects and processes data on these environ-ments, it must be ever vigilant in its efforts to apply what it learns to developing opportunities and dealing with threats. Studies have shown that excellent companies not only have a keen sense of customer but an appreciation of the environmental forces swirling around them. By constantly looking at the dynamic changes that are occurring in the aforementioned environments, companies are better prepared to adapt to change, prepare long-range strategy, meet the needs of today’s and tomorrow’s customers, and compete with the intense competition present in the global marketplace. Chapter Outline 1. The Company’s Microenvironment The Company a. In designing marketing plans, marketing management takes other company groups into account. These interrelated groups form the internal environment. b. Marketing managers must work closely with other company departments. Suppliers c. Suppliers form an important link in the company’s overall customer value delivery system. d. Marketing managers must watch supply availability. They also monitor the price trends of their key inputs. e. Most marketers today treat their suppliers as partners in creating and delivering customer value. Marketing Intermediaries f. Marketing intermediaries help the company to promote, sell, and distribute its goods to final buyers. i. Resellers are distribution channel firms that help the company find customers or make sales to them. ii.

Marco Polo essays

Marco Polo essays Marco polo was born 1254 AD and died 1324 AD. He was a traveler and author and his experiences in China influenced interest in Asian trade. Marco polo was born in Venice. Venice was a very important center of trade in medieval Europe many of the goods that were traded include silk porclin and other goods from china. Very little is known about Marco pools early life. Marco polo probably received a typical education included in read, write, and calculate. Marco Polos writings are the primary source of information about the travels of his father and uncle, Niccoli and Maffeo Polo, who were jewel merchants. Marcos father, Niccoli left on an exploring venture when Marcos mother was pregnant with Marco. They left Venice in 1260 on a commercial venture to the Black Sea ports of Constantinople. In 1262 a war broke out behind them and prevented them from returning home, so they processed farther east to the great central Asian trading city of Buhoro. After three years they joined a mission going to the ruler of China. The ruler of China welcomed them and asked them to teach him more about the religion of Christianity. The brothers returned to Europe to ask the pope to help. On Niccolis and Maffeos trip back to China in 1271, with the pope, to teach them more about Christianity, Niccolos son Marco went with them. Due to bad weather during the trip, the rest of the missionaries turned back. The three Polos continued the trip. In 1275 they reached the home of Kublai Khan, the ruler of China. Again, from Marcos writings, the ruler of China welcomed them warmly. The Polos spent the next 17 years in China. Kublai Khan liked Marco because he was a good storyteller. The ruler of China sent Marco on many diplomatic missions throughout his empire. Marco told Kublai Khan many interesting stories and observations about the lands he visited. The ruler of China eventually made Marco ...

Updating Cookies in JavaScript

Updating Cookies in JavaScript Actually updating a cookie is slightly different from just replacing a cookie in that the new value we want to place in the cookie is dependent in some way on whether the cookie already exists and if so on what it contains. This means that we need to read the existing cookie before we can write a replacement for it. One thing to note is that when we read a cookie we have no way of telling when the existing cookie is due to expire or whether the cookie is restricted to a specific folder or available across the entire domain. You need to set a new retention period when you replace the cookie and need to keep track of what scope you want the cookie to have within your pages so as to apply the same domain or path option each time. The only thing that you are actually able to read when updating rather than just replacing a cookie is the actual value of the data stored in the cookie. In this example, we are going to use a cookie named accesscount to count the number of times that our visitor has accessed our page where no more than seven days has elapsed between visits. Should more than seven days elapse between visits then the cookie will expire and the next visit will restart counting from zero. We are using the allCookies() and writeCookie() functions from the prior examples so the only piece of new code we need in order to actually do the update is in the last two lines. var cookie;allCookies function() {var cr, ck, cv;cr []; if (document.cookie ! ) {ck document.cookie.split(; );for (var ick.length - 1; i 0; i) {cv ck.split();cr[ck[0]]ck[1];}}return cr;};writeCookie function(cname, cvalue, days,opt) {var dt, expires, option;if (days) {dt new Date();dt.setTime(dt.getTime()(days*24*60*60*1000));expires ; expiresdt.toGMTString();} else expires ;if (opt) {if (/ substr(opt,0,1)) option ; pathopt;else option ; domainopt;} else option ;document.cookie cnamecvalueexpiresoption;}cookie allCookies();if (cookie.accesscount ! null) writeCookie(mycookie, cookie.accesscount 1,7);else writeCookie(mycookie, 1,7);

Find two articles that are influential in the field of Organizational Essay

Find two articles that are influential in the field of Organizational Development - Essay Example In brief, organization development remains the dominant approach to organizational change. Organization development involves changing of the operations of the company to ensure suitability. The past, present and future trends indicate that organizational development still remains the key factor in the enactment of organizational change. Burnes and Cooke argue that the future of organization development is bright owing to the success witnessed in the process. The article is valuable in the evaluation of success and failures of organization development. Since its inception, organization development has been used to change operations within organizations with selected success being achieved. The article evaluates the past [present and future of organization development. Several issues are highlighted which are vital. Change is inevitable in any organization due to changes in the market economy and production. To understand the problem Burnes and Cooke addresses the past, present and future of organization development in the article thus developing a better understanding of organization development. According to Ron Cacioppe, organization development requires the support of the leadership structure to be successful. Organizational change is viewed by employees as a process of laying off workers leading to resistance when organization development is mentioned. The situation can be different if leadership and management encourage employees to participate in the change. The participation cannot be achieved without creativity and team building. Cacioppe addresses issues of leadership in organization development. Leadership development is vital during organizational restructuring. Modern management practices such as vision statement and balance score cards can be realigned to integrate the new operational models. The role of leadership is to develop a spirit at individual and team level to ensure